Essay sample on #8220;The Socratic Method#8221;

Paper test on #8220;The Socratic Method#8221; The Socratic strategy was created by in all honesty Socrates-the guardian of western way of thinking. Its target is to separate what we think, and to see reality with open-minded perspectives. It is done through an exchange between individuals, where somebody states something as evident, and others pose inquiries to basically survey whether the case is right. Socrates built up this strategy through his casual talks with a wide scope of individuals. Inevitably, through his inquiries, the people he conversed with started to question their responses to key requests, for example, â€Å"What is justice?† Thus, the Socratic technique infiltrates profound into intuition procedures and uncovered the defects of our fundamental thinking. In the accompanying sections, the technique will be examined in detail, from its turn of events, procedure, and applications. Advancement Socrates (c. 470†399 BC) accepted that learning was less about social occasion data, yet progressively about keeping a receptive outlook. His style of showing was through exchange, whereby the understudy would think the individual knows something, however was demonstrated that their knowing was not demanding. Socrates began to instruct through these discoursed after a companion of his, Chaerephon, had visited the Oracle of Delphis of his exchanges were recorded and explained his Plato’s works. In spite of the fact that Socrates may have put on a show of being claiming not to know anything, through his astuteness and philosophical thoughtfulness, he comprehended that information can't be accomplished (Jarratt, Susan C.). Procedure It requires two individuals: one individual with a case, and one individual who poses inquiries about the announcement. It follows a few steps:] The examiner permits the other individual to exemplify their case. The examiner requests proof from the other individual. The examiner challenges the suspicions of the individual creation the case. The examiner finds a special case in the possibility of the individual who made the first articulation. The examiner requests that the individual change their unique case. The examiner experiences more requests and exemptions to show that the transforming of the first thought isn't right. Either the individual who made the case gets exasperated or communicates question, or the examiner offers an indisputable expression about the bogus idea of the cases that have been made (wikiHow). All through this procedure, it is key that the two sides don't lose control or disappointed particularly the examiner. The Socratic technique is finished with shared regard, respectability, and tact. Applications The principle application for the Socratic technique is demonstrating how ideas that are unclear or need solidness can be uncovered as bogus. These are frequently broad standards we hold dear. It causes us to reexamine our establishments of thought and qualities. This strategy is likewise useful for separating philosophical hypotheses one has or others have. It is an approach to test speculations of the keenness. Current utilization of the Socratic technique can be found in reasoning as well as in mentoring and instructing. Rather than mentioning to understudies what to fix in their assignments, numerous instructors trust it is smarter to utilize the Socratic strategy with the goal that understudies show up at the appropriate responses themselves. This procedure permits students to reverberate emphatically with answers (â€Å"Socratic Method of Teaching: Pros and Cons†). The Socratic technique was created by one of the organizers of western way of thinking, Socrates. In the wake of hearing he should be the savvies individual in Greece as per the Oracle, he tried out the case by having exchanges with noticeable masterminds of the time. He decided through his inquiries that his shrewdness lay in realizing that he knew nothing, while others thought they knew something. These exchanges shaped the Socratic technique, which was later received by Plato. This instrument isn't utilized to demonstrate anything. Or maybe, it is for separating musings and ideas that are taken as realities or valid, and indicating that information is basically non-possible. Jarratt, Susan C. Rehashing the Sophists: Classical Rhetoric Refigured. Carbondale and Edwardsville: Southern Illinois University Press, 1991., p 83. â€Å"Socratic Method of Teaching: Pros and Cons.† Portland, 15 Feb. 2018, education.cu-portland.edu/blog/study hall assets/should-instructors use-the-socratic-technique for instructing/. wikiHow. â€Å"How to Argue Using the Socratic Method.† WikiHow, WikiHow, 28 Mar. 2019, www.wikihow.com/Argue-Using-the-Socratic-Method.

Nationalism And War Essays - Modern History Of Germany,

Patriotism And War Does patriotism have a relationship with the reasons for the wars somewhere in the range of 1792 and 1914? This can be questioned through the occasions of the French Revolution, the Napoleonic Wars, the unification battles of Germany and Italy in the late 1800's, the Alliance frameworks of the late 1800's and the death of the Austrian archduke before the episode of World War 1. During the French Revolution in 1792, an exertion was made to expel Austrian nearness from French grounds. This happened to some extent since King Louis XVI needed to look for help from the Austrians to evacuate the reformers, convincing France to announce war on Austria. The Jacobins were anxious about the possibility that that this war would irreversibly affect the Revolution. In this way the Jacobins, having faith in having an obligation to the country, lectured nationalistic and liberal beliefs to the whole country, utilizing each sort of correspondence accessible to them at that point. Jacobins enlivened enthusiasm in the youngsters drafted into the war to draw upon their own patriotism to battle for France. This prompted triumph over Austria and simultaneously, France obtained Belgium. Despite the fact that patriotism was utilized to raise the expectations of the French individuals to triumph, it was not the reason for the war. ?The American and French transformations were vita l stages throughout the entire existence of radicalism.? (Perry, 377). During these upheavals, indications of nationalistic thoughts became obvious that were related with later wars in Europe. The Napoleonic wars were a continuation of the transformation, which were not any more dependent on nationalistic thoughts than the insurgency itself. Napoleon set out in 1799 to vanquish Europe in would like to run an Empire similarly as Charlemagne and Alexander the Great did. He set out to achieve this by over-tossing the Directory and introducing a legislature called the Consulate. In time, he expanded his capacity to a point where he was in all out control and selecting himself the Emperor of France. A significant number of the wars during this time prompted nationalistic emotions in the nations that Napoleon had prevailed. This got obvious in the opposition of the Spanish and Prussians after Napoleon vanquished them. Spain revolted on the grounds that Napoleon removed the benefits of the nobles and made his sibling, who the Spanish thought about an outsider, ruler. Essentially, during the War of Liberation, enthusiastic and nationalistic standards drove Prussia to rebel against the French intrusion. With extraordinary enthusiasm and patriotism, Prussia crushed France in1813. The Napoleonic Wars were not wars of patriotism, yet were of one man's fantasy about being a victor. At some other point ever, Bismarck was instrumental in the unification of Germany. It was his hunger for extension and Prussian principle all through Germany that drove him. It was during the unification of the southern states that patriotism assumed a basic job. With the assistance of Austria, Bismarck's first strike was at Denmark in 1864. Austria just participated with the expectation that Schleswig and Holstein would not turn out to be a piece of Prussia. This was an impetus for the Austro-Prussian war in 1866 that brought about the annihilation of Austria. In understanding, Prussia accepted regional power over Schleswig and Holstein and other German states. Therefore, this prompted the unification of the northern states, keep Austria separate from Prussian issues and leaving Prussia as the head intensity of Germany. In making this progress, Bismarck ignored parliamentary forces that left him a detested man by numerous dissidents. Bismarck's activities delineate that patriotism w as not a factor, however rather it was his longing to extend A prussian area at any expense. Bismarck utilized patriotism as a significant instrument in finishing the unification. ?Utilizing the empty Spanish seat, Bismarck produced a message, implying that Napoleon and King William had offended one another.? (Perry, 404) This prompted high sentiments of Nationalism all through Germany, and prompted a showdown among Prussia and France. This war, known as the Franco-Prussia War, brought about the southern German states restricting together in national solidarity to go to Prussia's guide. This moving was as Bismarck anticipated. Focal Europe in 1871 took the stand concerning an extraordinary country and the last strides in the unification of Germany, later to get known as the German Empire. This likewise gave them the required capacity to play

Teaching Your Children to Write Their Own Educational Goals Essay

Teaching Your Children to Write Their Own Educational Goals EssayWhat you expect to learn from your essays is crucial to an understanding of the lesson. To be honest, I found it difficult to understand some of the things that my students were writing, so I have been looking for ways to make my children's education more fun and interesting.I want them to realize that there are other ways to think about things that may be a little different than what you've been taught so far, which I think will help with their unique educational goals. By providing a more unique educational goal, they can be inspired by the goal instead of letting it take over. It's important to realize that learning doesn't have to be boring!One easy goal to set would be to write down the types of things you have to study. Something that might be great would be 'What do you think of when you hear the word 'math?' !'A student could also write something similar way about science. Or they could write something about und erstanding the world around us. Instead of knowing everything, they could become better at just one thing and then, hey presto, they already know all that they need to know.Another type of essay is the 'key words' essay. In this case, it is the topic that is presented as a key or trait that you are trying to find or acquire through your education.An example of this would be 'Let's talk about the number of keys you find in each lock.' This is not a specific number but it is a number of keys, so the essay would be able to focus on that.There are also essay topics that you have created yourself, for example if you want to write a more personal essay about your parents or siblings, you could include that as well. Some kids really enjoy reading creative works, so why not use that as a subject matter of your essay?If you are interested in doing something different, then I suggest you explore your own educational goals to find out what could be done with them. When writing an essay, you wi ll find that it's better to create your own essay instead of using the traditional school essay template, especially if it's your first time writing an essay.

Impact Of Industrialization - 1134 Words

Impact of Industrialization on American Society Reese Aghayedo HISTORY 1312- 701: United Stated History II September 11, 2017 During late 18th century and the beginning of the 19th century, the United States went through rapid industrialization that drastically changed many aspects of its society. During this era, the United States became the leading industrial capitalist of the world . This also led to tremendous increase in demand for the working-class Americans. Also, advancement in farm machinery led to less need for manual labors in farms and rural areas. Thus, these rural workers began to migrate to the urban areas to seek job opportunities in industries such as manufacturing and other factory jobs. This influx of†¦show more content†¦For this reason, many workers opted to have their children and wives join the workforce. Given that these factory owners had no legal restrictions on exploiting workers, they exploited most of their workers. Worker were force to work long hours in a dehumanizing environment while earning poor pay and incentives . Women and children were also exploited. Woman an d children were paid the lowest possible wages. It didn’t matter if they worked more than their adult male counterparts. Management used the deceptive ideology that woman and children should be under the care of a man and do not require a living wage. In addition to low wages and long hours, many workers worked in a dangerous environment. Many worked in crowded and unsanitary conditions. As a result thousands of workers were injured and hundreds were killed each year . Also, Industrialization resulted to the revolt of the working-class Americans. As many workers became more concern about their working conditions and pay, they decided to join together to rebel against hash working conditions. As many industrial workers began to organize, this led to the formation of labor unions. The goal of these unions was to protect worker’s right to fair pay, hours, and working conditions. Labor groups like the National Labor Union (NLU) and Knights of Labor began to open up their membership to all labors, including male, female, blacks, and whites. Labors were able toShow MoreRelatedImpact of Industrialization on Environment1103 Words   |  5 PagesImpact of Industrialization on Environment OVERVIEW Centuries ago, when there was no active expanding of large cities and industries, nature was able to overcome pollution and keep air fairly clean without outside help. The wind and rain in the form of natural rescuers scattered gases and washed away the dust. However, with increasing industrialization and urbanization, the nature’s system cannot cope with pollution and clean the environment naturally. In comparison with volcanoes, hurricanes,Read MoreImpact Of Globalization On Industrialization761 Words   |  4 PagesGlobalization in human activities is the most frequent and closest part of the environment. So far, globalization’s negative impact on the ecological environment is far more than its positive impact. In this article, industrialization, urbanization, and trade liberalization these three factors’ influence on globalization will be illustrated. Globalization has a great influence on industrialization. Globalization has drastically reduced the technical and policy barriers to the flow of various elements of goodsRead MoreIndustrialization Impact Essay783 Words   |  4 PagesIndustrialization brought machines to the forefront of efficiency and profit for many new entrepreneurs, and many technological advancement such as the telegraph and the transcontinental railroad radically improved communication and transportation. With such advancements to society, social and economical changes occurred where more people moved from an agrarian society to an urban society, and during this transition, the conditions of life grew worse as the wealth gap increased from working in factoriesRead MoreThe Impact of the Napoleonic Wars on Industrialization810 Words   |  4 Pageshave a large impact on industrialization in Britain, the United States and Europe as a result of realizations and actions taken to better their countries after the Na poleonic wars. Although the Industrial Revolution began in Britain during the 1700s it was boosted in the early 1800s after the Napoleonic wars because of reform that was needed. Industrialization then started spreading throughout Europe and into North America in the early 1800s. By the mid-1800s industrialization was widespreadRead MoreEssay on The Impact of Industrialization 908 Words   |  4 PagesDuring the 19th century, modifications and innovative ideas formed what would shape the face of the modern world. Industrialization was the shift from an agrarian and handmade economy to a machine and manufactured one (Judge 664). It transpired in Britain first and eventually spread across the Atlantic and the United States. Industrialization helped pave the way towards more workers’ rights, stronger nations, improved economies, and improvements for the middle and lower classes. The movement forRead More Impact of Industrialization on the Environment Essay1343 Words   |  6 PagesImpact of Industrialization on the Environment During the past several hundred years, humans have begun to industrialize rapidly. Tons of new technologies with all sorts of capabilities have sprung up. In many cases, these added capabilities have been used to manipulate natural things for human benefit, often at the expense of other things. On the other hand, technological advancement has required that humans come to a better understanding of the world, bringing with it a greater potentialRead MoreThe Impact Of Fishing On The Service Of Industrialization1066 Words   |  5 Pagesactivity that people have been doing since early civilization. It evolved from a social need to currently also one of commercial interest2. As Cochrane and Garcia (2009) describe it so nicely: â€Å"†¦the commoditization of nature in the service of industrialization.† After years of perceived growth, it is now evident that globally countries suffer from the negative effects that we people have ourselves helped create. The introduction starts with a background and relates the complexity of fisheries managementRead MoreImpact Of Industrialization On The United States1843 Words   |  8 PagesDuring the process of industrialization in the United States, the government decided to increase regulation of businesses, trade, and the economy overall. In his Address to the Nation on Labor Day, President Richard Nixon placed â€Å"some temporary restrictions on our economic freedom in order to create new jobs, to stop the rise in the cost of living, to protect the American dollar.† During the process of industrialization, these regulations were necessary to ensure growth and sustainability. HoweverRead MoreImpact Of Industrialization On Chinese Culture1372 Words   |  6 PagesIndustrialization was another important way in which the Japanese exercised its imperialism in Taiwan. Before their rule, Taiwan was not very developed in infrastructure hence it was difficult for people to move from one part of the island to the other. Taiwan was seen as a source of raw materials for the industries in Japan as well as an overseas market for its goods and services. The region also provided an important outpost and Confederate defensive position. A network of railroads was constructedRead MoreImpact Of Globalization On The Age Of Industrialization1918 Words   |  8 Pagesnewly discovered technology allowed populations to achieve economies that could generate successful productivity. In recognizing and analyzing this distinct historical event, it then begs the question of what exactly made the greater impact on the age of industrialization. There were numerous contributing factors that propelled worldwide economic development. Britain, as the most advance economy of the time, showed leadership in its introduction of limited liability law which is arguably the primary

Dangerous Mind - Psychology Essay - 1747 Words

Since Ive chosen to major in psychology, Ive chosen to do my paper on something that pertains to my major. In this case the mental disorder schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is a severly disabilitating disease that has stricken the lives of almost two million people in the United States alone (Keefe 20). Since this disease is so devastating the majority of people that suffer from it either live on the streets or in mental institutions. In fact, forty percent of the beds in American mental hospitals are occupied by patients with schizophrenia (Hamilton 145). According to Hamilton the overall chances of a person to develop the disease is one in a hundred (145). There are three distinct types of schizophrenia that are diagnosed in todays†¦show more content†¦These include incoherent speech, quick shifts of ideas from one thing to a totally unrelared one, and off the wall thoughts and ideas. The delusions that all schizophrenics encounter are false or inane beliefs that are believed by the schizophrenic and noone else. The delisions of schoizophrenics go well beyond thinking that their being watched or something. They often are convinced that someone is controlling them by radio, microchip, hypnosis, and so on. For instance a patient of Torrey, named Josh, believes that the FBI planted a small radio into his skull and is controlling him through it, he even went as far as to cut his own scalp with a knife trying to get it out (44). Schizophrenic persons also have severe disturbances in emotion and behavior. This is the most worriesome symptom to family and friends of the patient. It is, because the person with schizophrenia is incapable of feeling any empathy with anyome including themselves. That menas that they are incapable of putting themselves in other peoples places. The side effects can range anywhere from laughing at a sad situation, to public masterbation, even to self mutilation. What makes schizophrenia so hard to understand and frighteming is the faxt that all these symptoms can show up more in one person and less in another. That is also what makes schizophrenia so hard to diagnose.The world is in the midst of an explosion of knowledge about the causes of schizophrenia. There hasShow MoreRelatedDangerous Mind - Psychology1771 Words   |  8 PagesSince Ive chosen to major in psychology, Ive chosen to do my paper on something that pertains to my major. In this case the mental disorder schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is a severely disabilitating disease that has stricken the lives of almost two million people in the United States alone (Keefe 20). Since this disease is so devastating the majority of people that suffer from it either live on the streets or in mental institutions. In fact, forty percent of the beds in American mental hospitalsRead MoreA Mystery Of Heroism By Stephen Crane And Edwin Arlington Robinson1168 Words   |  5 Pageshuman mind and behavior, but Crane emphasizes how psychology can motivate whereas Robinson shows how psychology can destroy. Both pieces, â€Å"A Mystery of Heroism† by Stephen Crane and â€Å"Miniver Cheevy† by Edwin Arlington Robinson, include forceful events that influence the main character to commit a dangerous task that either motivates or destroys them. Both Crane and Robinson show how certain events psychologically impact human mind and behavior by forcing one to commit an unusual and dangerous actionRead MoreEssay about A Dangerous Method989 Words   |  4 Pages A DANGEROUS METHOD (Name) (Institutional Affiliation) (Date) This paper looks at the movie; A Dangerous Method directed by David Cronenberge is based on true life events that happened on the eve of the World War 1. This movie brings out the theories, techniques, and the central characters in the early history of psychoanalysis. It brings out the effectiveness of psychoanalysis method and shows the risks and dangers encountered when entering the unconscious mind. This movie takes aRead MoreA Research Study On Mental Illness1382 Words   |  6 Pages inside and out. Most minds are small and round, but sometimes the brain looks different. In recent studies, scientists have learned the brain can have abnormalities, which usually leads to a mental illness. Another risky subject in the world is mental illness. Some people say that it is made up. Which it is not, because now science can prove how it is. It is not hard to see the difference between a â€Å"normal† brain, and an ill one. Someone who studies the nature of the mind is known as a psychologistRead MoreThe Fantastic Field Of Forensic Psychology1327 Words   |  6 PagesFantastic Field of Forensic Psychology 1 Forensic psychology is a developing science that is quickly being utilized in many industries. It is a very difficult choice of career, but perhaps that’s why I am so attracted to it. I’ve always been curious about the mind. I am not interested in so much as to the physical makeup of the brain such like a neurologist. I am more attracted to the chemical imbalances that can make someone develop a mental illness or commit a dangerous act. Growing up I’ve alwaysRead MorePassionate Men, Emotional Women : Psychology Constructs Gender Difference Essay1713 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Framework: In her text Passionate Men, Emotional Women: Psychology Constructs Gender Difference in the 19th Century, historian Stephanie A. Shields delineates the ways in which the Western modern project required in its logic of construction a need to create and reproduce an epistemological, discursive, and pseudo-scientific dichotomous relationship between the genders. Specifically, Shields emphasizes the ways in which a certain dogmatic praxis of evolutionary theory, in juxtapositionRead MoreForensic Psychology And The Psychology Of Crime Essay1516 Words   |  7 PagesIn a modern world, crime is greatly present in every day life. As technology continues to advance, the ability to get behind the mind of a criminal has greatly increased. With different crimes, that mind can look vastly different as well, depending on the psychological factors at play. The history of the study of the psychology of crime is replete with theoretical shifts—some of which have led to empirical dead ends an d others to tremendous advances. Explaining the motivations of a criminal historicallyRead MoreThe Fear of the Hunt The Most Dangerous Game, by Richard Connell644 Words   |  3 PagesThe Most Dangerous Game, by Richard Connell, explores the emotion of fear, by using two philosophies. The first, that there are only two groups of people in the world: the hunters and the hunted and the second being survival of the fittest. The underlying content of â€Å"The Most Dangerous Game† relies on a sense of fear and a human’s reaction to a perilous situation. Fear can be defined as â€Å"response to physical and emotional danger† (Psychology Today). This instinctual reaction allows humans to protectRead MoreBrave New World: The Advancement of Science1450 Words   |  6 Pagesthese advances as beneficial as most people think? In the novel Brave New World, the author Aldous Huxley, warns readers that scientific advances can be a threat to society. This is particularly evident in the fields of biology, technology and psychology. According to Huxley, The theme of Brave New World is not the advancement of science as such; it is the advancement of science as it affects human individuals(Huxley CLC 79 290). One scientific advance of which Huxley warns readers of is thatRead MoreThe Three Types of Eating Disorders Essay674 Words   |  3 Pagesmany to resonate to dangerous acts such as dieting. Dangerous dieting has lead to what we today call an eating disorder. There are three types of eating disorder, Anorexia nervosa, Bulimia nervosa, and Binge eating disorder (American Psychological Association, Help center, 2011). These types of eating disorders all have something in common but can differ slightly, and can affect everyone. Anorexia is the type of eating disorder that reduces eating. According to the book Psychology Edition 3 published

Recruitment And Selection Process At Liberty Mutual Essay

For this paper, I will specifically speak to the undergraduate recruitment and selection process at Liberty Mutual. It starts with HR Generalists working with the business to determine need, budget, job description, and specifications. Business provides information for HR to create the job profile in the company portal. Competencies are determined based on examination of previous employees’ performance in the same role. Typically, the key attributes possessed by all successful candidates make their way onto the job positing. In order to attract qualified candidates, recruiters attend information sessions, career fairs, and other networking events in partnership with colleges. Liberty also values internal employee referrals. Once the applicant is in the system, HR reads applications and sorts them into first-round phone screening and reject piles. If the candidate meets the minimum specifications, has a strong cover letter and relevant experience in the resume, he/she will be contacted by a recruiter via email for a phone interview. This will last roughly 30 minutes and determine whether the candidate moves onto second-round interviews. Applicants have an opportunity to ask questions to demonstrate interest and knowledge. The nature of the second-round interviews will be determined by the position – for this paper, there are three rounds. Second round is another phone call, followed by an office visit for final round interviews. Interviewers are prepared ahead of time andShow MoreRelatedBank Of Americ Talent Management Program1443 Words   |  6 Pagesstrategy, the bank infuses the three elements to facilitate the recruitment of the employees with the ability to fulfill the organization s objecti ves. When commencing the process, the organization emphasizes on openness in communication as a way of identifying shortcoming in operations. After which, the management device an integrative method of facilitating the selection of the most qualified candidate for work at the bank. During the process, the human resource personnel use different performance measuringRead MoreTalent Management : An Organization2721 Words   |  11 Pagesmanagement consultant and analyst Josh Bersin, it is a vital foundation for any business. Good talent managers create plans for handling these issues that do not mimic HR but that apply HR strategies to meet corporate needs. Bersin uses a four-step process he calls â€Å"the essence of talent management†:Effron, M., and Ort, M., (2010). 1. Determine the business challenges ahead – Set goals and plans for up to two years. 2. Identify people problems that block these goals – Use models to see what you’re missingRead MoreHuman Resources and Management Control on Abbey National and Santander Merger3648 Words   |  15 Pagesstrategic level) using the available public domain information kindly execute the following takes in your role as strategic HR manager / change consultant. Human Resource Management (HRM) is the function within an organization that focuses on recruitment of, management of, and providing direction for the people who work in the organization and also HRM is the organizational function that deals with issues related to people such as compensation, hiring, performance management, organization developmentRead MoreHow Has the World of Work Changed in Post-Fordism Era3142 Words   |  13 Pagesrevealed through workers’ hostility and the instigating saturated market. World of Work in Post-Fordism era The paradigm change from Fordism to Post-Fordism is not a one off adaptation rather it is ongoing process. Total Quality Management, Just in time manufacturing, Business Process Engineering and Lean manufacturing are rhetoric reflections of Post-Fordism. Eventually, standardized mass market became less important thereby making customized products more venerable to support niche marketsRead MoreHuman Resource Managment-Misconduct7071 Words   |  29 Pageswith the company’s. When you evaluate all aspects of an employee, you’ll choose the right employees! In turn, this will reduce turnover because, in combination with performing well, employees will want to be there. A good team spirit with respect and mutual understanding is essential between workers in an organization! The personnel department should have asked the employees what they want. Take what they say and implement it. Not every suggestion will be viable, but it’s important for them to know youRead MoreAn Analysis of the Gender Discrimination Against Women at Work in America4137 Words   |  17 PagesDiscrimination against Women at Work in America Introduction to the issue â€Å"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness† (Jefferson, 1776, para.2). More than 230 years ago, this familiar line of Jefferson in the Declaration of Independence became the basic tenet of the foundation of the United States of America. The monumental documentRead MoreProject Report on Comparative Study of Icici Bank Nd Hdfc Bank8770 Words   |  36 Pagesthat it becomes the foremost responsibility of the researcher and also the part of research ethics to acknowledge those who had played a great role for the completion of the project. The text contain in this report is the manifestation of learning Process that began for me over 1 month ago. during the intervening period I have come across some wonderful people in the form of Relatives ,friends or acquaintances from I have learnt immensely .While it is not possible to name them individually I wouldRead MoreOrganisation Structure Training8962 Words   |  36 Pagesare inspired to be the best they can be *Portfolio: Bring to the world a portfolio of quality beverage brands that anticipate and satisfy people desires and needs. *Partners: Nurture a winning network of customers and suppliers, together we create mutual, enduring value. *Planet: Be a responsible citizen that makes a difference by helping build and support sustainable communities. *Profit: Maximize long-term return to shareowners while being mindful of our overall responsibilities *Productivity:Read MoreEssay A CASE STUDY - STRATEGY AT HR BLOCK, INC.10152 Words   |  41 PagesThis segment of HR Block Inc. offers investment advice and related services and securities products through HRBFA (HR Block Financial Advice) branches to the general public. A nationwide network of registered representatives makes stocks, bonds, mutual funds and similar products and available. In ‘03 Block had 1,600 financial advisors and registered associates in more than 600 offices nationwide (HRB 2003). Average trading volumes fell during fiscal year’ 03 by approximately 21%, as measuredRead MoreInstructive Text Types11631 Words   |  47 Pagesthat is marked by both coherence among the elements and completion†. If the encoder establishes coherence and completion in a text by specific sets of text structural sequence forms, distinct types of text structuring are the result. The encoder’s selection of dominate and subsidiary sets of text structural sequence forms in the text structuring is determined by the thematic text base from which the encoder has started. There are two types of classification of text structure and they are: normal and

Key Concepts in Marketing

Questions: 1. Explain the methods company uses to inform, persuade remind its customers?2. Use examples to identify how the company uses promotional mix elements (advertising direct selling personal selling sales promotion public relations internet marketing)?3. Criticize the current promotional mix elements used by the company, suggest improvements? Answer: 1. Some of the ways used by Facebook to inform, persuade remind its customers are: Reciprocation Like Comment Scarcity Consistency Social proof Authority Some of the ways used by Coca Cola to inform, persuade remind its customers are: Packaging: The unique waist shaped bottle gives an added advantage to coca cola Labeling: It provides factual and nutritional information on the label itself. Sales promotion: Providing a glass free with a purchase of 2 liters bottle Use of advertisements in many forms Mass media marketing by making their videos viral over the net Some of the ways used by Nestle to inform, persuade remind its customers are: Advertisements with the help of various mediums such as television, newspapers, bill boards, magazines Use of various marketing jingles slogans which spreads happiness Use of public relations (PR) i.e. share its newsletters, annual report, lobbying and donation in various charitable events Conducting road shows, trade shows, sponsorships, heavy discounts, etc Some of the ways used by Cadbury to inform, persuade remind its customers are: Special occasion pricing such as during Diwali, Rakshabandhan, Christmas, New Year so as to increase the sale of chocolates Use promotional pricing i.e. keep the price of one product lower so as to increase the sales of another Economy pricing Cash rebate pricing i.e. with the purchase of big bar of Cadbury dairy milk get a pack of nutties at a subsidized rate 2. Facebook uses promotional mix elements: High levels of revenue is made with the help of advertisements Create an advert with the help of Google Adwords Promote a business via face book page Coca Cola uses promotional mix elements: Sports sponsorships Below line promotion such as campaigns, Point of Sale (POS) High frequency advertisements Global branding Associations with big brands such as McDonalds, Dominos, KFC, PVR Cinemas, DT Cinema etc Nestle uses promotional mix elements: Use of advertising campaigns in terms of slogans, tunes (Nescafe tune - one of the most popular in town) Innovative marketing campaigns for their best sling product i.e. Maggi Use of TVSs ATL marketing has helped Nestle to turn out as one of leading FMCG companies Cadbury uses promotional mix elements: Use of information technology (IT) A communicative website Sales promotion methods such as road shows, trade shows, free gift vouchers or hampers 3. Suggestions for improving promotional mix to Facebook: Use press releases so that general public get to know about the organization Use emails to build relationship with the public Suggestions for improving promotional mix to Coca cola: Use of print media will help Coca Cola to reach in the rural areas Advertisements shall be made keeping in mind the elder people as well Suggestions for improving promotional mix to Nestle: In order to attain competitive from its competitors better tools such as LinkedIn, Twitter or any social media shall be done regarding any improvement in the products or services offered by the same. Suggestions for improving promotional mix to Cabury: Use of print media such as brochures, flyers shall be used in certain parts of the globe where internet technology will not help Press releases shall be practiced by Cadbury References Blythe, J. (2009).Key Concepts In Marketing. Los Angeles, Calif.: SAGE. Richter, T. (2002).Marketing mix standardisation in international marketing. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.

Thomas Hardy Feels That Edgon Heath, The Setting Of The Novel The Retu

Thomas Hardy feels that Edgon Heath, the setting of the novel The Return of the Native is a powerful, scary, dark and dreary place. He uses various techniques to express this attitude. Some of the techniques he used to convey this thought are diction, imagery, syntax, and tone. The diction he choose was specific and concrete, presenting an actual place that was depressing. The words he used attempted to present a specific, concrete perception of things. Such as when he writes, "approaching the time of twilight and the vast tract of unenclosed ild known as Egdon Heath embrowned itself moment by moment". This presents a specific place, time and a specific insight which leaves with the thought of a darkening, scary place. Imagery played a very important role in Harding's portrayal of the heath as a powerful, scary, live place. The imagery develops a light and dark imagery. The heath, earth is the dark and gloomy image, while the surrounding nature is light and good. He refers to the heath's color as, "embrowned itself moment by moment," and says that the"hollow stretch of whitish cloud shutting over the sky." He refers to the heath as dark on many occasions, he says the "earth with the darkest vegetation... In such contrast the heath wore the appearance of an installment of night... darkness had to a great extent arrived hereon... the heath exhaling darkness." These references of the heath as dark, give us a gloomy, somber feel of the heath. Harding also uses metaphors to make us aware of the power and life that Edgon Heath has. As in when he says "the face of the heath by its mere complexion added half an hour to evening... the place became full of a watchful intentness now: for when other things sank brooding to a sleep the heath appeared slowly to awake and listen." These metaphors and personifications allow us to see that the heath is more than a hunk of dirt, it has a life and energy. Syntax is also used to enhance the power of the heath. Harding uses a combination of medium length and long and involved length sentences. These lengths enhance the feeling of power that Harding wants to express, because they are lengthy and have a body. They aren't short and quick, each sentence says what it has to say and delivers it. These sentence exemplifies the strength and ability that the heath has. The sentence length is effective because each sentence allows Harding to go into detail about a specific detail about the heath, such as the power and strength it has. Harding also used more than 6 compound sentences in the description of the heath. This is so he can elaborate on a specific characteristic of the heath, as in "The face of the heath by its mere complexion added half an hour to evening: it could in like manner retard the dawn, sadden noon, anticipate the frowning of storms scarcely generated, and intensify the opacity of a moonless night to a cause of shaking and dread...." Harding also used it to compare the heath as in, "Looking upwards, a furze- cutter would have been inclined to continue work; looking down, he would have decided to finish his faggot and go home. The tone of the description of the heath is morose, somber and gloomy. In the description, Harding only describes the heath as dark and scary. He chooses to illustrate these things and gives the story a morose feeling. His somber and gloomy tone is reflected in his attitude toward the heath. The tone makes the heath appear seem scarier and more powerful. Thomas Hardy delivers a powerful and firm attitude towards Edgon Heath. He feels that it is a dark, scary and living place. He uses and combines various literary techniques in order to achieve his goal of convey his feelings towards the heath to his readers.

Charlie Chaplin essays

Charlie Chaplin essays Charlie Chaplin was an English motion-picture actor, director, producer, and composer. He was one of the most creative artists in the film history. He was the first to achieve worldwide fame through his performances in silent films. Sir Charles Spencer Chaplin was born in London, England in poverty on April 16, 1889. His parents were Sr and Hannah Chaplin. They were both music hall performers. His father was an alcoholic. He left shortly after Charlie was born, leaving Hannah to provide for the children. Charlie got his first taste of the spot light when he was very young. He debuted in the place of his mother because she was hoarse. His childhood was filled with horrible poverty. His mother, Hannah became a chronically psychotic woman who was in and out of mental institutes. When Hannah could no longer take care of Charlie and his siblings, they were admitted into Lambeth Workhouse and later to Hanwell School for Orphans and Destitute Children. His father died when Charlie was only 12 years old. As a young child Charlie had been forced to sleep on the streets of London and he had to look for food in garbage pails. It was this same poverty in which he would develop his identification with the little person. He used the misery of his childhood to create his own style, which was a combination of comedy and melodrama. This is known as pathos. He achieved his ambition when he joined a dancing group called the Eight Lancashire Lads. This eventually led on to parts in Sherlock Holmes and Caseys Court Circus. His half brother Sydney joined the Fred Karno Company and managed to get Charlie involved also. He soon became a Karno star. In 1910 Charlie toured the United States with the Karno group and returned for another in 1912. On this tour he was hunted by Mack Sennette and his Keystone Film Company. Charlie was then introduced into the medium of film. His first film, 1914, was title...

Cultural Tourism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cultural Tourism - Essay Example In looking at the official national website for Sri Lanka tourism, the first word that appears is heritage. This indicates a strong need for the country to promote the historical value of its country as being central to the event of a vacation within their borders. The website promotes a sense of otherness, attuned to Western sensibilities, through depicting men sitting on elephants, a lounging leopard, and an exotic woman reclining in what appears to be a spa atmosphere. The experience is connected back to the Western traveler through an image of a Caucasian man on a surfboard and a modern look at a beach. The emphasis is on the exotic, with a connection to the modern Western ideal in order to attract a broad set of travelers. The official national website for the Maldives has a picture of a surfer, swimming below the water towards the surface on a submerged board. The image evokes the sense of the beach, a cool splash of water against the heat of the sun. The first sub-category tha t is presented is titled culture. Just like the Sri Lanka website, the first promotional factor is the differences in culture that a Western traveler would encounter when visiting the country. The two subsequent headings promote diving and the opportunity for a honeymoon in the Maldives. The website reveals the daily temperature and has links to further information about where to stay and where to go, just like the Sri Lanka website. The otherness that is expressed in both websites leads the traveler towards thoughts of adventure. In creating an enticement to travel to the region, the websites are intended to evoke a sense of newness of experience so that the traveler will want to know what they do not yet know. The imagery also suggests that the locations have the element of the exotic, the â€Å"erotics of imperial conquest† as explored by McClintock (24). While the eroticism is not blatant, the notion that the locations will bring to the vacationer an experience that is de fined by adventure suggests that the attendee will be able to conquer an unknown territory. The use of the woman in the spa-like atmosphere on the advertisement for Sri Lanka can be linked to the desire to equate sensuality with the experience of visiting the island. McClintock states that â€Å"women served as mediating and threshold figures by means of which men oriented themselves in space, as agents of power and agents of knowledge† (24). The boundaries of the world have been typically characterized as women, objectifying the presence of the female spirit within the framework of territory. Through using a female image in a position of sensuality, this concept is continued into the modern day discourse about the experience of visiting a new land, thus having conquered that experience. The Maldives have a different approach to enticing their visitors. The site is full of images of the rich blue of the sea in contrast to the strand of islands. Several images of surfers, thei r boards planted beneath their feet and their bodies arched in control of their activity, grace the pages of their website. This evokes a different type of feeling towards the experience. This suggests that the natural environment is what will be conquered in visiting the isla

Causes of Vietnam War Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Causes of Vietnam War - Research Paper Example The aforementioned events included the  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Berlin Blockade  from 1948 to 1949, the  Korean War that lasted for more than three years, the  Berlin Crisis in the year 1961, the  Vietnam War that continued for almost twenty five years, the  Cuban Missile Crisis, the invasion of Afghanistan by the Soviet forces  (1979–1989), and the  Able Archer  NATO exercises in November 1983† (Major Events of the Cold War n.d.)3. In the early 10th Century A.D, during the Tang Dynasty in ancient China, the dynasty’s economy and military’s gradient started to fall and over the time it weakened to such an extent that the Vietnamese population of the Red River Delta, an area invaded by the Chinese back in 100 BC, rebelled against their Chinese rulers and set up a traditional, native dynasty in the northern conurbation of Hanoi. Later in 1462, the emperor Le Loi got rid of all the remaining Chinese warlords in the region. In the 19th and 20th centuries, the Mekong River delta got populated as the aforementioned Vietnamese population moved southwards. ... ld, as it was â€Å"close to the South China Sea and countries such as India, Indonesia, the Philippines, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, and southern China† (Meehan n.d.)4. Taking advantage of the vital geographically strategic position of Vietnam, the Portuguese made their entry into the country in the 16th century, followed by the French and the Dutch, however, after continuous fights over power and control, the French established Vietnam as their colony and gained control of the country. The French ruled Vietnam from the year 1887 to 1954. Vietnam was considered a major addition to the French Indochina Empire, however, the sixty seven year old rule of the French over Vietnam was considered as one of the harshest and the crudest times in the history. The French governance dripped of nepotism, discrimination – of all sorts and Vietnam was considered as a personal golden egg laying hen for the French, which was exploited for personal gains and benefits but was not paid back and credited, what it deserved. The production and sale of alcohol and salt was put under the statutory control of the government, which meant that it could not be sold or produced privately. This resulted in an economic outrage amongst the trader fraternity, which continued for years. Rice was exported from the French-owned plantations only, while many Vietnamese locals did not have enough to eat. The French imposed strict sanctions on the labor as well. The labor rights were violated and workers were imprisoned if they attempted at leaving their jobs. The majority of the laborers imprisoned were either mine workers or the ones who worked as farmers in the rubber plantations. Under the subject of economics, the government took no measures to control the inflation, yet multiplied the taxes. The

Latin Terms for Legal Studies Essay Example for Free

Latin Terms for Legal Studies Essay Two of the more important maxims (guides or aids) commonly used by the courts are (pg. 20): Noscitur a sociis: (It is known from its associates) is used where a word is ambiguous or unclear in a group of specific words. Its meaning is limited to the same class or types of things as the specific words. Ejusdem generis: Means of the same kind, class or nature and is known as the class rule. Under this rule, the broad, general word is limited to the same class as the more specific words preceding it. Under subsidiary legislation (pg. 23): Ultra vires: Beyond one’s legal power or authority. Under Unwritten Law (English Law) (pg. 24): Inter alia: Among other things. Lex non cogit impossibilia: The law does not compel a man to do that which is impossible. /The law requires nothing impossible. Case law or precedent may comprise res judicata, ratio decidendi and obiter dictum (pg 29). Res judicata: Final order of the court binding the immediate parties to the decision. It assumes that there are 2 opposing parties, there is a definite issue and the court has so decided the issue acting within its jurisdiction. Judgement in the strictest sense. Only applies to the immediate parties. Ratio decidendi: It’s the reason for the decision. In a case, in addition to the res judicata the legal reasoning upon which the decision in that case was based may be used by judges in future cases when confronted with similar facts. This is called the ratio decidendi of the case. Obiter dictum: Anything else said about the law in the course of a judgement that does not form part of the matters at issue is called obiter dictum (sayings by the way). It has no binding power, although it can exercise an extremely strong influence in a lower court, and even in a court of equivalent standing, depending on the court and the judge. Stare decisis: Process of following an established procedure, which literally means ‘to stand by a decision.’ Obiter: Said in passing. / Said by the way. Under Hierarchy of Precedents : Pari materia (pg. 32): Of the same matter; on the same subject. The phrase used in connection with two laws relating to the same subject matter that must be analyzed with each other. Per incuriam (pg. 33): Literally translated as through lack of care, per incuriam refers to a judgment of a court which has been decided without reference to a statutory provision or earlier judgment which would have been relevant. CHAPTER 3 Under Constitutional review (pg. 49): Â  ab-initio: From the beginning; from the first act; from the inception. An agreement is said to be void ab initio if it has at no time had any legal validity. Under Statutory interpretation (pg. 49): Sui generis: Of its own kind or class. That which is the only one of its kind. Under Magistrate Courts (pg. 54): Mesne profits: The profits of an estate received by a tenant in wrongful possession and recoverable by the landlord. Ex parte (Lost the page, sorry!): On one side only. Done by, for, or on the application of one party alone.

Macbeth :: essays research papers

Have your ever seen a play? Plays can be the most wonderful thing in the world. Plays begain takin play hundreds of years ago. The one play that was played years ago is still looked at to be one of the best plays ever to have steped foot on the stage. The play is called Macbeth and was first performed in the summer of 1606 with James and the visiting king of Denmark in attendance.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The play was writted by Shakespear in thought to please King James and account for the prominence of witchcraft in Macbeth. In that time witches were feared by the less educated people. No one wanted to spread of witch's they thought that witches use accusations of witchcraft as a way to get rid of political enemies.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the play Macbeth there were a couple people that influenced Macbeth to do the bad things or things that he did to be come King and to stay King. I think the biggest influnce of them all was Lady Macbeth she made Macbeth kill the king. At first when she asked him to kill the king Macbeth didnt want to there was no reason for it. But then she called him names and told him how much of a coward he was and that he had to honor. She told Macbeth what to do all the time and when she didnt get her was Macbeth was in trouble. Lady Macbeth was very spoiled if you ask me she needed to get her way and she would do aneything it took to have it like that.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There were others in the story that influnced Macbeth to do things that he normaly wouldnt do and that was the witches. The witches had a big part of the play but were thought to be added in after the play was taken. But the witches influenced and told Macbeth that people were goin to talk to castle from him and they made he not care about aneything. The only thing that Macbeth cared about was King. Like when Lady Macbeth died he didnt care he didnt have time to care or think about his lost wife his King ship was on the line. LadyMacbeth was thought to be a witch but was never proven to be. Like witchs couldnt have kids and LadyMacbeth couldnt eather.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Macbeth's character change form the beginning of the story to the end.

Explain Christian views on suicide Essay

In a broad sense suicide can be defined as, â€Å"the act of intentionally ending your life.† However, there are many different types of suicide. Durkheim identified four kinds: egoistic suicide, which is the result of feeling one’s life is meaningless; altruistic suicide, the act of giving one’s life for the greater good; anomic suicide, the result of a major social change that disrupts a person’s sense of order; and fatalistic suicide, the results of excessive regulation, when one’s future is pitilessly blocked by oppressive discipline, such as in a prison or dictatorship. Christians believe that all life is sacred, and therefore the vast majority of denominations are against all forms of suicide. In examining the reasons behind this, a good place to start is the Christian teaching on the sacredness of human life. Christians believe in the sanctity of life, meaning that all human life is created in God’s image and has intrinsic worth. The Decalogue teaches, â€Å"Do not kill.† This includes killing oneself. Elsewhere in the Old Testament, Ecclesiastes 7:17 states, â€Å"Be not over much wicked, neither be you foolish: why should you die before your time?† Prematurely ending your life prevents the believer from serving God to his full potential. This idea is backed up in the New Testament, where the Apostle Paul writes in 1 Corinthians 3:16, â€Å"Know you not that you are the temple of God, and that the Spirit of God dwells in you?† Christians reject the idea of total bodily autonomy, meaning that they do not believe we have the right to do whatever we want with our bodies. The Bible suggests that our bodies are not our own, but God’s, and therefore we do not have the right to destroy them. Historical church fathers have held consistently negative views on suicide. Augustine was one of the first to publically speak out against it. He opposed it because we have a duty of selfà ¢care arising from natural inclination and we have a debt of love that we owe to others. In The City of God he wrote, â€Å"certainly he who kills himself is a homicide, and so much guiltier of his own death, as he was more innocent of that offence for which he doomed himself to die.† To take one’s own life into one’s hands and act precipitously by committing suicide is to look away from God (a final and definitive refusal of trust in God and a denial of trust in his providence, by the very nature of the act itself excluding any subsequent repentance/penance). Furthermore, Aquinas was also against suicide. In Summa Theologica he set forth three reasons why suicide is immoral. Firstly, it is contrary to natural law. Secondly, suicide does injury to the common good because the person’s community will suffer. Thirdly, it is a sin against God because life is God’s gift to man. For it belongs to God alone to pronounce sentence of death and life, according to Deuteronomy 32:39, â€Å"I will kill and I will make to live.† However, there is one form of suicide that some Christians would accept, and that is altruistic suicide in the form of martyrdom or self-sacrifice. Jesus taught that, â€Å"Greater love has no-one than this, that he lay down his life for his friends.† For example, in Judges Samson brings down a temple killing both himself and the Philistines. Augustine said that suicide was rooted in pride and lack of charity, whereas martyrdom is commendable and for the good of others. The different Christian denominations are generally unified when it comes to views on suicide. In the Roman Catholic Church it is regarded as a mortal sin, and the Catechism asserts, â€Å"Everyone is responsible for his life before God who has given it to him. It is God who remains the sovereign Master of life.† The Presbyterian Church would hold a similar view, as the Westminster Confession reads, â€Å"The sins forbidden in the sixth commandment are, all taking away the life of ourselves, or of others, except in the case of public justice, lawful war, or necessary defence.† Even though they clearly teach that suicide is a sin, it is not an unpardonable sin. Salvation is by grace alone and if one is truly saved, nothing (not even suicide) can separate them from Jesus. The United Methodist Church believes that suicide is not the way life should end, but would be hesitant to label it a sin. Therefore, they denounce the condemnation of people who commit suicide, and do not believe surviving family should be stigmatised. Modern psychology has impacted the Christian view of suicide. In the past Christians were guilty of separating physical and mental illness and although they were in support of treatment for physical ailments, they were wary of psychiatric treatment. Even today some fundamentalist churches would see illnesses such as depression as purely spiritual afflictions. In the wake of high profile suicides such as Rick Warren’s son Matthew, most leaders are encouraging the Church to acknowledge that matters of depression and suicide are medical in nature and should be addressed no differently than other physical illnesses. They imply that to do otherwise promotes stigma, shame and restricts the believer’s access to appropriate care. Another reason why Christians are against suicide is the profound negative effect it can have on other people. Suicide does not just harm the person who dies, it is a form of bereavement even more devastating than usual because the family will forever agonise over what led the person to take their life, and if they could have prevented it. This is especially so if the family discover the body or witness the suicide. Suicide can damage close communities such as schools and churches. Wyatt said that, â€Å"suicide can have devastating effects on others. In fact, it can be one of the most selfish and destructive acts anyone can perform.†

Analysis Of The Poem The Gospel Of Wealth - 2081 Words

Dagan Martinez Dr. Amanda Bruce AMH2020 26 September 2014 Comparison, Analysis, and Criticism of Economic Ideals in the Gilded Age In his essay, â€Å"The Gospel of Wealth,† Andrew Carnegie argues that the imbalance of economic wealth is essential to the advancement of society. In days past, there was little difference between the quality of life between a ruler and his subject. Alluding to a time when Carnegie visited the chief of an indigenous American tribe, he observed that the Chief of the Indians , who lived in a state of antiquity, tent was no different from even the poorest among the tribe. Returning back to this stage of civilization would be detrimental to both the ruler and subject. Is it better for all of us to live in poverty than for a few of us to have riches? Shouldn t those who prove themselves masters in art and literature and those of higher intelligence have more than those with no talent? This is the way society is progressing. Whether or not one actually believes that doesn t matter, as changing the destiny of c ivilization is beyond one s power. (Carnegie, 28-29) It is better to improve society through the construction public foundations such as museums and libraries rather than alms-giving. Through alms-giving, one encourages laziness and vagrancy rather than integrity, and thus damages society. Through public structures, one provides support for those who actually wish to succeed can rise in society. Those who are most deserving of alms rarely needShow MoreRelatedAnne Bradstreet and the Puritan Community Essay2029 Words   |  9 Pagestraditional feminine roll. She comments on the idea of community in her poem The Prologue saying, â€Å"Let Greeks be Greeks, and women what they are;/Men have precedency and still excel,/It is but vain unjustly to wage war†(189). She is very clearly admitting an understanding that a community exists. 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